These actions depend mainly on the type of soil, the climate, the vegetation cover, the speed and frequency of wind. More detailed information about streams and rivers is available in the streams unit. There are new chapters on modeling wind and water erosion. Water erosion results from the removal of soil material by flowing water. Explain how physical and chemical weathering lead to erosion and the formation of soils and sediments. Tables listing the prevailing wind erosion direction by month for many locations in the united states are available see nrcs weq web site address at the end of this document.
Pdf on may 22, 2018, s g telkar and others published soil erosion. Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils. E f ikclv wherein e is the average annual soil loss, expressed in tons per acre per year. Currently wind erosion is mainly a feature of arid and semiarid conditions. It is a geological process, and part of the rock cycle.
It is a dynamic, physical process where loose, dry, bare soils are transported by strong winds. Water and wind erosion are the two primary causes of land degradation. Erosion and weathering download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Your purchase here includes a pdf file of a presentation about erosion that you can use when giving direct instruction about the types of erosion water, gravity, glaciers, wind. The erosion of surface soil by wind renders the soil less productive by removing the most fertile part of the soil, namely, the clays and organic matter. How does grazing intensity effects soil properties, wind erosion. Soil erosion research methods written by soil and water conservation society u. Five ways to reduce wind erosion keep your soil covered and reduce the wind speed to prevent wind from removing your valuable topsoil. Water erosion is very simplistically speaking caused by rainfall, river flow, waves wave action, hydraulic action and abrasion, corrosion, glacier movement, thawing, etc. Water that moves over earths surface when it rains is called runoff. A form of water erosion in which numerous very small and more or less straight channels.
This is the type of erosion that results from runoff that spreads across the soil. Soil erosion by water is the wearing away of the earths surface by the force of water and gravity, and. C is the local wind erosion climatic factor product of average wind velocity and average moisture of soil surfacek is the soil surface roughness expressed in height of ridges. This process could be natural or facilitated by human activity. Wind erosion and deposition has been creating a massive impact on land production. Soil erosion by wind is a serious problem in the united states and the world. Section 1 weathering and soil formation main idea many factors, such as weathering, climate, and time, affect soil formation. Students will be filling in the notes while you lead them through the. Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. Wind erosion wind erosion is the form of soil degradation by the action of the wind which abrades, transports and deposes soil sand particles. Water is arguably the most powerful tool for erosion, thanks to its great ability to move objects from one location to another. Erosion occurs at the earths surface, and has no effect on the earths mantle and core. Soil erosion, the wearing away of soil by water, wind, and other forces, is a natural process that can be accel erated by human activities. Ice erosion occurs in one of two forms, the movement of glaciers, or thawing processes.
Rangeland soil qualitywater erosion pdf stream bank erosion pdf erosion control pdf gully erosion examples. For example, when humans cut down too many trees and plants, the soil remains. Rainwater in the form of runoff is the main driver of water erosion. Yet wind can be a powerful force in shaping the land in areas where there are few plants to hold the soil in place. Surface erosion assessment using 7cs department of nuclear. Erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other causes. Download pdf soilerosionresearchmethods free online. Weathering and erosion 20 free download as powerpoint presentation. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation.
Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind food and. Aug 27, 2011 types and causes of wind erosion is explained. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living. This erosion is the dominant form of soil degradation troeh et al. Wind erosion is a serious problem on agricultural lands throughout the united states as well as the world.
Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Wind erosion can be a threat to agriculture productivity and the sustainability of the earths natural resources. The detachment, transportation, and deposition of soil by wind. Development of the wind erosion equation drought and wind erosion during the l9th century caused wind erosion to be recognized as an important geologic phenomenon. Wind erosion refers to the detachment, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind. Erosion is a natural process but is often intensified by human land use practices. Click download or read online button to get erosion and weathering book now. Cole member asae abstract relating the various damaging effects of soil erosion by wind to the appropriate measures of the erosion process are critical for controlling and estimating the probable damage. Accelerated erosion is largely the consequenc e of human activity. What are the differences between wind erosion and water. Soil erosion and conservation in the united states naldc usda. Soil erosion is caused by the action of water, wind, grazing animals and human activity. Soil erosion is usually caused by the force of water falling as raindrops and by the force of water flowing in rills and streams.
Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid grazing lands of inland queensland. The processes are always occurring naturally throughout the world. Wind erosion causes damage to the crops by removing the soil which crops needed from it. By the late 1930s, systematic and scientific research into wind erosion was being pioneered in california, south dakota, texas, and in canada and england. Raindrops falling on bare or sparsely vegetated soil detach soil particles. An equation used for the design of wind erosion control systems. The loss of soil nutrients and the covering of the land with many deposits decrease the ability of the soil to properly produce drops. Erosion is a natural process, where energy provided by water, wind, and gravity drives the detachment, transport, and deposition of soil particles.
Most of the energy that makes erosion happen is provided by the sun. Since wind deposition follows the event of wind erosion, it is important to learn. Wind erosion is a threat to agriculture and the earths natural resources. The classes of accelerated erosion that follow apply to both water and wind erosion. So, water erosion is the detachment and transport of soil material by water. A strong, turbulent wind, coupled with highly erodible field conditions, causes wind erosion. High water erosion issues high water erosion concerns with annual precipitation over the last couple of years reminiscent of the early 1970s and the high water year of 1986, current local highwater levels are having extreme effects on local properties and homes. Download soilerosionresearchmethods ebook pdf or read. An example of weathering and erosion powerpoint file. Weathering, erosion, deposition, sedimentary rocks ppt and.
Wind erosion is occurred when pieces of the earth are worn away by the strong winds. For example, few plants grow in deserts, so wind can easily move the grains of dry sand. Water, waves, moving ice, and even mass movement have more effect on the land. Estimating sheet and rill erosion how, why, and by whom water erosion is estimated nrcs estimates soil erosion by water as part of its technical assistance to land users.
Wind erosion is a serious problem on agricultural lands throughout the united states as. The word erosion is derived from the latin rodere meaning to gnaw, the same root that gives us the word rodent. Rock and soil suddenly slip down a slope in one large mass. The critical wind erosion period is that part of the year when agricultural fields are particularly vulnerable to wind erosion. The main agents of erosion are water, wind and gravity. After the rocks are broken down into smaller pieces we call sediment, they are eroded away and deposited in lake beds and on the ocean floor. In the latter formation, water inside pores and rock fractures expand, which causes further cracking.
Revise wind erosion models more accurately portrays the physical processes of wind erosion estimates wind erosion based on wind velocity, rainfall characteristics, soil roughness, erodible fraction of soil, crusts, surface residues and other dynamic factors. A method is outlined using the conservation of mass and momentum principles showing. Download erosion and weathering or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. It occurs in dry bare areas when wind blows and moves the dirt around. Wind energy is strong enough to propel soil particles thousands of miles. This leaflet explains the different types of erosion on the north coast. Explain how waves, wind, water, and glacial movement shape and reshape the land surface of the earth by eroding rock in some areas and depositing sediments in other areas. You will also get a pdf file of a student handout that goes along with the presentation. The extent of movement depends on the amount of soil moved depends on the size of the soil particles, the cloddiness of the soil particles and the velocity of the wind wind velocity. Erosion, removal of surface material from earths crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies such as water or wind from the point of removal. Download pdf soil erosion research methods ebook free online. Soil erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions soil detachment, movement and deposition. When the force of wind is exerted on a land surface, the soil moves.
In conservation planning, erosion estimates are made for an existing management system and compared with alternative systems and with soil loss tolerance, t, values. Wind erosion occurs in three processes known as creeping, saltation and suspension. Erosion by wind soil and water conservation management. These sources typically are characterized by nonhomogeneous surfaces impregnated with nonerodible elements particles larger than approximately 1 centimeter cm in. Wind erosion is a threat to the sustainability of the land as well as the viability and quality of life for rural and urban communities. Magnitude and the impacts of soil erosion on productivity depend on soil profile and horizonation, terrain, soil management, and.
Describes the forces of erosion as caused by glaciers, water, and wind, how they affect the earths surface, and how their destructive effects can be prevented notes the pages is on the same page as the table of contents. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms. Significant wind erosion occurs when strong winds blow over lighttextured soils that have been heavily grazed during periods of drought. It refers to the movement of soil organic and inorganic particles along the soil surface with flowing water and deposition of the eroded materials at lower landscape. You may not see it taking place, but the next time there is a heavy rain, with permission, take a walk through your neighborhood. It renders soil less productive by removing the most fertile part of the soil, namely, the clays and organic matter. Factors of wind erosion e fi, c, k, l, vi is the soil erodibility by wind related to relative amount of particles 0. Wind energy also has great power to dislodge surface soil particles, and. Wind erosion is the process by which wind moves sand or soil from one location to another. You will notice the rain water moving through areas like a stream carrying debris such. It is one of the processes leading to desertification. Water and wind are the most common and most important causative factors and accordingly, water erosion and wind erosion are considered as the two basic. Download a slide show about the wind erosion prediction system presented at the 2005 ieca conference. Asoil psychrometer may be used to obtain water potential.
It can cause significant economic and environmental damage. Dredging streams to ease this problem is costly and wreaks havoc on aquatic plant and animal communities. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion. An overview of the wind erosion prediction system introduction soil erosion by wind is a serious problem in the united states and the world. Section 2 erosion of earths surface main idea all agents of erosion, such as gravity, ice, wind, and water, change earths surface. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Introduction to erosion this unit contains resources about the three agents of erosion water, wind and ice, deposition of sediment and the land forms that are formed. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.